DNA Sequencing Projects

DNA sequencing refers to methods for determining the order of the nucleotide bases, adenine,
guanine, cytosine, and thymine, in a molecule of DNA.DNA Sequencing is at the center of the Human Genome Project, which promises to revolutionize the Biomedical Sciences and the treatment of human diseases. This page is designed to help you understand how DNA is sequenced. RNA sequencing, which is technically easier to perform than DNA sequencing, was
one of the earliest forms of nucleotide sequencing. The first DNA sequences were obtained by
academic researchers, using laborious methods based on 2-dimensional chromatography in the
early 1970s.

DNA sequencing, the process of determining the exact order of the 3 billion chemical building blocks called bases and abbreviated A, T, C, and G that make up the DNA of the 24 different human chromosomes, was the greatest technical challenge in the Human Genome Project.The human genome reference sequences do not represent any one person’s genome. Rather, they serve as a starting point for broad comparisons across humanity.

Herbert Boyer's historic experiment used techniques to cut and paste DNA to create the first
custom-made organism containing recombined or "recombinant" DNA. Cohen and Boyer inserted the recombinant DNA molecule they created into E. Two DNA sequencing techniques were developed independently in the 1970s. The method developed by Fred Sanger used chemically altered "dideoxy" bases to terminate newly synthesized DNA fragments at specific bases.