The DNA Sequencing Structure

DNA structure resembles to that of a double helix and is composed of three components – alternating sugars, phosphates and one of the four bases. When a cell divides and the DNA is to be replicated, the double helix is divided, and enzymes called polymerases use each of the two halves as the template for a new opposing strand. Polymerase causes the hydroxyl group at the end to react and link together to form the link of the chain. DNA sequencing relies on the process of DNA duplication.

The simplest way to do chain sequencing is to manipulate the chemistry of the molecule. Instead of catering to DNA with normal nucleotides, it’s possible to synthesize one in absence of the hydroxyl group, which is essential for the polymerase that adds to the next base. DNA stands for Deoxyribonucleic acid. It is present in almost all organisms and it stores long term information that is used to construct an organic body.This technique is also known as Sanger method and is named after the discoverer Fredrick Sanger.

The archetypal chain reaction requires a DNA template, DNA Sequencing Structure,DNA polymerase, normal dexoynucleotide (dNTP) and modified deoxynucleotides (ddNTP). The strand synthesis is carried out four times separately, which involves the reaction with ddNTP. This terminates the reaction due to the lack of hydroxyl that is essential for the formation of bond between two nucleotides. The result is four discrete families of polynucleotides.

The process of DNA sequencing translates the DNA of a specific organism into a format that is decipherable by researchers and scientists. DNA sequencing has given a massive boost to numerous fields such as forensic biology, biotechnology and more. By mapping the basic sequence of nucleotides, DNA sequencing has allowed scientists to better understand genes and their role in the creation of the human body.